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Elements

Element formulations in torch-fem define interpolation on a reference domain and quadrature rules for numerical integration.

For an element with nodal coordinates \(\mathbf{x}_i\) and shape functions \(N_i(\pmb{\xi})\), the isoparametric mapping is

\[ \mathbf{x}(\pmb{\xi}) = \sum_{i=1}^{n} N_i(\pmb{\xi})\,\mathbf{x}_i. \]

All concrete elements derive from the abstract Element base class and provide

  • shape functions via N()
  • derivatives in reference coordinates via B()
  • reference nodal coordinates via iso_coords
  • integration points and weights via ipoints and iweights